Menopause brings significant hormonal changes, particularly a drop in estrogen levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease. Estrogen has protective effects on the heart by maintaining healthy cholesterol levels and supporting blood vessels. As estrogen declines, women may experience higher cholesterol, blood pressure, and fat distribution changes, all contributing to cardiovascular risk. Understanding the link between menopause and heart disease is crucial for early prevention and management strategies.
“With a decrease in estrogen, the flexibility of the blood vessels will be reduced, and the cholesterol levels may shift unfavourably, thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and other heart conditions,” says Dr Dixit Garg, Consultant, Cardiology, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram.
Weight gain and the reduction of insulin sensitivity are also some other risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Blood pressure is also liable to increase at this stage, tending to put an added burden on the cardiovascular system.
“Many of these risks can be lessened by simply developing heart-healthy behaviour. Aerobic exercise—such as walking, swimming, or yoga—can help a person maintain a healthy weight and promote the efficiency with which the heart functions. A diet that is balanced, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats—including omega-3 fatty acids—can lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Salt, sugar, and processed foods should be reduced,” adds Dr Garg.
It is very important that these relaxation techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing exercises, be learned in order to cope with stress and not smoke. This will also ensure that the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are timely detected and managed at regular check-ups by a healthcare.
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