Researching
Pick a topic you are passionate about. Pick a subject that defines who you are or what you care about most. Talk about an issue that affects you or someone who is close to you. Or persuade your audience to care about a social, environmental, political, or economic problem. If you are passionate about the environment, then write about environmental issues, or write about the impact of technology on medicine, if that is what you are passionate about. Make sure your topic fits the parameters of the assignment. Choosing a topic you are passionate about will make writing, rehearsing, and giving your speech much easier.
Use Internet sources. Type distinct phrases in your search engine to find specific information about your topic like, “The effects of pollution on the ocean.” Look for articles published by reputable sources like universities and well-known news outlets and magazines. Review the information of at least 3 websites. If the websites are all saying the same thing about your topic, the information should be valid and reliable. If they are not, then keep researching your topic until you find consistent information.
Pull information from books. Check out books on your topic from your school’s library, or your local library. Tell the librarian about your topic and the kind of speech you hope to give. Your librarian can point you in the right direction for books and articles on your topic. Check the publication dates for the books you reference. Always use the newest version of a book possible, as it will have the most up-to-date studies and research.
Make an outline of the important information. As you review your sources, write down information that supports and expands your ideas in a valuable way. Categorize the information by theme. Make sure to type or write down relevant points and information such as statistics and facts that support your main argument. If you have any first-hand experience with your topic, you can also make note that. Personal stories can be just as engaging as research and stats. Additionally, take note of any opposing opinions. This way you can briefly address and rebut them in your speech. Save the links to your Internet sources in a Word document so you can refer back to them at a later time if you need to.
Begin working on your speech at least a week in advance. Ideally, you should start working on your speech the day you get the assignment. If you work on it a little every day, it will make the whole process easier. If you can't start as soon as you get the assignment, though, plan at least a week of time for the writing and rehearsing process.
Rehearsing
Write out a script. Use your outline to form a script. Pretend you are having a conversation with a friend. Write the script as if you are talking to your friend. Keep your script simple by writing down the most important points. Use interesting examples to illustrate your ideas. Additionally, break your script up into main ideas or themes so that it moves forward coherently. For example, if you are writing about plastic pollution in the ocean, break your speech up into causes, effects, and solutions. If you are writing about the effect of globalization, organize your speech around the positive and negative effects of globalization.
Start your speech with an attention grabber. Grab your audience’s attention with a provocative question, or an unusual or interesting fact. You could also use a story from your personal experience, or a prop to grab your audience’s attention. For example, if you are giving a speech about the effects of plastic pollution on the ocean, start with a fact that most people believe about plastics in the ocean. Then, share something that will shatter that belief. Anything shocking, odd, or absurd will grab your audience. If you are giving a speech about the effects of global population growth, open up your speech with an interesting fact like, "If all the people in the world stood in a line, the line would be long enough to reach Mars."
Memorize your script. Once you have your script written, read it out loud to yourself. Replace awkward sounding sentences, with sentences that have a more conversational tone. Then memorize your script line by line. Rehearse your script out loud in front of the mirror, during your walk to school, or any other moment when you have free time. Use 3 to 4 hours to memorize a 20 to 30 minute speech. Memorizing your speech in front of the mirror will help you observe your movements and vocalizations so that you can incorporate the ones you like into your final presentation.
Make notecards with important talking points. Once you have your script memorized, write down points that will jog your memory on a notecard. Write down 2 to 3 points per notecard. For example, write down the beginning of a sentence, a statistic, an important fact, or a word that will jog your memory.
Practice your speech. Give your speech to a poster in your room, a stuffed animal, or your pet. Pretend they are your audience. Practice your speech until you don’t have to look at your notecards. Once you are ready, practice your speech in front of a friend or family member.
Rehearse your speech for an hour each day. By rehearsing for an hour, you will become comfortable with your script. This way, when you give the speech you will appear calm and confident. You may even be able to go up without a printed script while you give your speech to your class if you practice it enough.
Giving the Speech
Stand straight with your arms relaxed at your sides. Also hold your head high with your chin up. This will give the impression that you are confident, even if you don’t feel confident. Avoid nervous body language such as crossing your arms, tapping your foot, or pacing back and forth. Show your audience that you are excited about your speech by smiling before you begin, as well as throughout the speech.
Pause for 10 seconds before you start your speech. Pausing before you give your speech will allow you time to collect your thoughts. It will also allow your audience members time to focus on you before you start your speech. Also remember to pause and take a breath throughout your speech, especially if you feel like you are talking to fast. Pause at the end of sentences, or pause after saying an important point.
Project your voice. Project your voice by breathing from your stomach. You should feel your stomach expand as you breathe in. Enunciate your words by saying each syllable clearly. And put energy into your words by emphasizing them. For example, if you ask a rhetorical question, emphasize the last part of the question, or the word "you" to get your point across. Also emphasize main ideas, and the beginning of a new paragraph or section of your speech.
Speak at a normal pace. Anxiety and nervousness may cause you to speak faster than usual. If you are out of breath while speaking, or if your words start running together, then you are most likely speaking too fast. To keep this from happening, take a breath and slow down to a normal pace.
Look at your audience members. Start by looking at a familiar face, like a friend, in the audience. Then speak to individuals in your audience by looking at one person at a time. Hold their gaze for 5 to 7 seconds. Move on to the next person after 5 to 7 seconds. Think of your speech as a series of conversations with different members in the audience. If you find yourself getting nervous looking at people, try looking a little above their heads, instead. This way, you're still looking out, but you can focus on what you're saying instead of on other people's expressions.
Take a breath if you lose your place or blank out. Don't worry if you forget the next word or line. It happens to everyone. Instead, pause for one to two seconds to look at your notecards. Before you begin speaking, take a deep breath, smile at your audience, and count backward from 5. If you need to, read the first few lines off of your notecards until you can regain your rhythm and composure. Remember, while a few seconds may seem forever to you, it is only a few seconds to your audience. If you really feel like you're taking too long to collect yourself, tell your audience, "I really want to get my facts straight, so I'm going to read this part verbatim," and refer to your script.
Finish off your speech. A good ending should bring your presentation full circle. Finish off your speech with a quote, statistic, or story that relates to your opening, or summarize your most salient points. Depending on your topic, you may also finish with your vision for the future or a call to action for your audience. Once you've finished, thank your audience, pause for any applause if appropriate, then take your seat.
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